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High Grown Arabica Coffee Beans

Arabica coffee beans are characterized by a distinctive flavor. Arabica is more prone to diseases and pests than its lower elevation counterpart, Robusta.

High-grown arabica is the coveted variety found in premium coffee shops and specialty roasters. But what makes this type of coffee so desirable? Scientists have uncovered the reason behind this: altitude.

High Altitudes

With a rich history that spans from Ethiopia and Yemen to lower Africa the coffee has made its way into the hearts of many, making up an enormous portion of the world's coffee production. While low-elevation coffees are commercially viable, and make up the instant coffee you can find in your local grocery stores, real coffee enthusiasts prefer specialty arabicas that are grown at high altitudes for a more complex taste profile.

The mountains of the world's foremost coffee-producing countries--Central and South America, Southern Asia and a few Pacific Islands, and mid to southern Africa provide ideal growing conditions for high-grown arabica coffee beans. The high-elevation climate conditions are frost-free and offer a mild climate with an average annual temperature ranging from 64 and 73 degrees Fahrenheit.

Cool mountain temperatures slow down the growth process of the coffee plant and permit it to mature more slowly. This allows the coffee beans to absorb various flavors from their surroundings and impart them with distinctive characteristics. The prolonged maturation helps keep the coffee bean borer which is a small beetle that feeds on the beans. It also helps to keep out the coffee leaf miner, a flies, which hinders photosynthesis and decreases productivity.

The combination of these elements creates a more palatable flavor and aroma profile compared to lower-elevation coffees. Coffee that is grown at higher elevations has a heightened concentration of sweet flavors, such as citrus, vanilla and fruit and is also richer and smoother than their lower-elevation counterparts. Roasters prefer this bean because of its sweetness, fullness of flavour and consistency.

High-grown arabica coffee beans with rich flavor is usually called strictly high-grown (SHG) or strictly hard bean (SHB), meaning that the coffee is located at an elevation higher than 4000 feet. The beans are usually grown on volcanic soil, and they are shade-grown, or organically cultivated. This enhances their already delicious flavors. They are more dense because they mature and grow slower than those grown at lower elevations. This results in a stronger and more consistent coffee. This distinctive characteristic makes SHG and SHB arabica the most popular type of coffee for roasters looking to deliver an exceptional cup.

Cool Climate

The tropical zone that spans the tropical regions of Cancer and Capricorn, also known as the coffee belt is the most prestigious of coffee growing regions. High-quality arabica coffee beans are grown in these mountainous regions where the cool climate and high altitudes provide the ideal conditions for the plant to thrive.

Arabica plants are tolerant of a variety of conditions of climate but their peak development occurs in subtropical regions with cool nights and warm days. This unique climate allows for the plant to create complex flavors that express freedom. It's these flavors that make the coffee we drink so distinctive.

While the low-elevation coffees lining the instant coffee aisle at your local supermarket can grow quickly, experts and aficionados alike know that these types are less bitter and flavorful than specialty coffee beans produced at higher elevations. The majority of the coffee consumed around the world is high altitude coffee.

The highest quality high-grown exquisite arabica coffee beans coffee beans are generally located between 3000 and 6,000 feet. The combination of high altitude, cool climate, and fertile soil is what makes these beans so distinctively delicious.

Coffee farmers are constantly on the lookout to find the perfect soil conditions to grow high-quality arabica plants. The ideal soil will contain a high amount of humus with a well-draining surface. This type of soil is ideal for arabica cultivation, since it aids in maintaining healthy roots and to prevent the spread of the risk of developing plant diseases.

In addition to having a soil that has the right humus content, coffee farms prefer a cooler climate with a distinct dry season. These climate patterns allow plants to mature slow, resulting in a more delicious and full-bodied bean.

Well-Drained soil

The arabica beans that are grown to the highest quality have a rich and sophisticated taste, unlike the low-elevation varieties that are used for mass production. The coffee trees grow sheltered under tall canopy trees, and the rich volcanic soil that is nutrient-rich is ideal for the cultivation of these unique beans. The soil is abundant in nutrients, allowing the roots to absorb them, but drains quickly so that there are no stagnant puddles.

Arabian coffee plants have a long taproot and shallow fibrous roots that spread outwards for 3 to 4 ft (0.9-1.2 meters). The flowers are small, white and fragrant and are known as cherries. These drupes have two seeds inside, and are ripe when they're red or purple in color. The plant is self-fertile and doesn't require cross pollination to produce fruit.

The cooler climate at higher elevations slows down the growth cycle of the coffee plant, allowing it to mature more slowly. This allows the beans to develop deeper flavors. This produces a coffee that is richer and more complex, with a stronger taste than coffees that are grown at lower elevations.

At high altitudes the temperatures are cooler and the air is more humid. The cool weather is perfect for the coffee plant's sensitive growth, and helps to suppress the spread of pests and diseases that affect lower elevation crops.

Due to the unique soil and climate characteristics, high-altitude farms can produce more beans than farms in lower altitudes. This is why you will often find these superior coffee beans in specialty cafes as well as high-end coffee roasters.

When you plant your own arabica plant, be sure to pay attention to the specific requirements of the plant and choose a mix of soil that meets the requirements. Avoid commercial mixes that could contain too many ingredients and don't permit the roots of your arabica plant to thrive. Organic matter such as compost or other can be added to the soil to increase water retention, without creating a texture that resembles cement. Water your plant only when the soil is dry to the feel. Avoid drowning or over-watering, which could cause root rot.

Unique Flavors

The distinctive flavor profile of arabica beans makes them highly sought-after. They are more rich and complex in flavor than other coffees. They have notes of fruit, flowers, caramel and chocolate. The careful cultivation and roasting beans gives the smoother and sweeter flavor. They are also less acidic and have less caffeine than other varieties. They are, therefore, less bitter and more enjoyable for you to drink.

Arabica beans grow in the mountainous regions of the world, which are part of the Coffee Belt, a tropical band that extends across 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. This is where the best-quality beans are produced. The coffee plants are cultivated in volcanic soils and other fertile soils that produce small fruits called coffee cherries.

The cherries have two seeds. When the seeds ripen they are separated from their fleshy outer layer and then roasted to create coffee. Arabica coffee beans are considered to be premium because they are generally more expensive than other varieties of beans and also possess a distinct flavor.

The high altitudes at which arabica beans grow is one of the main factors that affect their flavor and quality. The cool climate, the fertile volcanic soils and cooler climate makes arabica coffee bean plantation beans taste more delicious than those grown lower in elevation. The higher altitudes also have a positive effect on the maturation process of coffee beans. The cooler temperatures slow the development of the beans, giving them more time to mature.

The various coffee-growing regions around the globe possess their own distinct flavors and distinctive characteristics. The arabica beans of Central America are known to have a balanced composition with a light body. Those from Ethiopia and Kenya, on the other hand, are known for having a savory-sweet flavor. These unique tastes are due to fact that each region and country has its own soil type. Certain soils are able to hold water and give a rich chocolatey flavor, while others have a sand-like texture which makes the coffee taste lighter.