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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types of plants produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide with 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and come in different flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions under the conditions in which it grows and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats were more energetic after eating the fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are able to thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees that can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste and body of the coffee. It is usually preferred to get an even and consistent taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may grow in less favorable conditions. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

Although it might sound odd it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's some robusta as well.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use a mix of the two varieties to cut costs and maintain the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football that makes them different from other Cafe Coffee Beans beans. They are characterized by a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are often blended with other coffee bean to cup coffee beans varieties to provide a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal to grow at home. You can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it's recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a distinct species, but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both tart and fruity and has made them a popular option in blends made by home. They are also less heavy on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have a distinct taste.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped as teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're frequently used in blends to add extra body and a delicious tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they can be flavored like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee in the world and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are smaller and more round but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

Now that you know the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans now is the time to pick your perfect brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor opt for an arabica or a blend of arabica beans and robusta beans.