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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly does it work?

Espresso is created by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee for Espresso machine, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter you insert when brewing espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter, and regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are a variety of types of group heads each with its distinct advantages and disadvantages. Some are designed to provide temperature stability while others are built to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. Some include a mix of features, like the E61, which is considered the most popular choice among baristas due to its ability to provide multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head is made up of many notches in which you can put your portafilter, then twist it with your hands to secure it. A gasket of rubber is situated inside the notches, which helps create a seal while you insert your portafilter. The notches permit precise placement of your portafilter. This is crucial for an accurate extraction.

Aside from allowing you to effortlessly insert your portafilter the group head is responsible for maintaining an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is constant to extract the coffee. This is vital, because just a few degrees could make the difference between a good and great professional espresso machine.

The Pump

In contrast to manual piston machines which use a lever to pressurize water, rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required for espresso coffee machines extraction. This pressure builds up by removing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being pushed through the ground coffee and espresso machine inside the group head.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven models, and they tend to last longer. However, both types of machine can get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. They also add mechanical complexity that can lead to a high price tag on even the simplest models.

Certain espresso machines remove the pump completely and instead employ steam pressure to create espresso. The downside is that the boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of the water to the point of boiling and can result in over-extraction. The machines must also continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines use an rotary or a vibration pump. A vibration model uses the vibrating disk to create pressure, whereas the rotating model pushes hot water through the ground at a rapid speed. Both types of machines are capable of producing excellent espresso, but Rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element which heats the water to the optimal temperature for extraction. The steam created will eventually reach the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. It is then pumped into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure to push through the coffee grounds. This creates a foam on top of the espresso. This is a sign of a good espresso.

There are three types of espresso machines, each having a different type of pump and the temperature of the brew. There are various ways that the brew may be controlled, as well as the size of the cup that the machine is capable of making.

The first espresso machines were steam-type. The earliest espresso machines were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was developed by the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso maker is a semi-automatic device that has an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they imagine these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans on your own The pump, however, regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Typically, best small espresso machine machines have filters that separate the grounds of the coffee as they go through the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temperature control, as it prevents overheating.

A filter also helps with flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This allows beans to release their flavors and provides the chance for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, as well as the extraction, remain crucial.

It's in this area that the magic takes place. This is the reason why espresso tastes so good. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, the thingy used to place the grounds of coffee into while making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water that is heated in an airtight vessel to create steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the grounds of coffee at high pressure. These kinds of machines are usually cheaper and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines powered by a compressed air compressor have become increasingly popular. They make use of an air compressor to push hot water across the ground, and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.